On George Orwell’s Politics and the English Language
Occasionally an essay becomes a classic, usually because it makes an important statement about some subject with usual effectiveness. Such is the case with George Orwell’s essay --- Politics and the English Language. George Orwell distinguishes himself for his dedicate efforts to combine literature with politics perfectly and for his gifts for concision, clarity and vivid expression. His keenest interest is shown in politics due to his official missions in the political affairs in Britain and Spain. Orwell advocates changing the political essays into art that communicates political information to the public in a familiar, natural, vivid and clear way.
In Politics and the English Language, Orwell takes the notion that modern English is getting decadent and is in the general collapse. The decline of the English language consists in “the mixture of vagueness and sheer incompetence” which is “the most marked characteristic of modern English prose”. For one thing, the English language itself “becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts”. Apart from the phraseology, “staleness of imagery” and “l(fā)ack of precision” are the second reason that contributes to the decline of the English language. Some writers “either have a meaning and cannot express it”, or they are almost “indifferent as to whether their words mean anything or not”. Orwell suggests using simple and meaningful words in the proper context because the writers’ thoughts are supposed to be expressed in a simple and clear way that “all who run can read” (Lucidity, Simplicity, Euphony; Maugham). This belief is shared by Orwell when he highly appreciates Maugham as “the modern writer who has influenced me the most, whom I admire immensely for his power of telling a story straightforwardly and without frills” (1940-43). Orwell holds the belief that simple and common words help keep the public from the political issues’ insincerity and enable them to know the truth of politics because “politics itself is a mass of lies evasions, folly, hatred and schizophrenia”.
Words can be used as a tool and a weapon. Mr. Orwell’s incredible, prescient essay Politics and the English Language has never been more relevant, in a time when words like “apartheid”, “racist” and “ terrorist” are constantly perverted and deliberately misused by the forces of darkness. Orwell points out that all political parties “from Conservatives to Anarchists” use their political language consisting largely of “euphemism, question-begging and sheer cloudy vagueness” on the purpose of concealing their ugliness and cruelty and making their lies sound truthful and murder respectable and finally “ giving an appearance of solidity to pure mind”. For instance, that “millions of peasants are robbed of their farms and sent trudging along the roads with no more than they can carry” is called “transfer of population or rectification of frontiers”. Orwell “suggested that cheap newspapers were no more than a vehicle for advertising anti-leftist propaganda” (117-21, Davison). Such phenomenon using language to conceal or prevent thought can happen not only in the British politics, but in almost all the places of the world where the political parties exist. Orwell criticizes in the essay that how the English language has been misused in the political affairs. Meanwhile, he indicates that people have to learn excellent command of language to use it effectively as a tool and a weapon against the usurpers. At this point Mr. Orwell and Nu Xun, a great Chinese writer, come to the agreement unexpectedly. Nu Xun employs his pen and his words like a sword to thrust into the hearts of the enemies and to tear away the outcast of the forces of darkness. In this sense, it can be called that great minds think alike, can’t it?
George Orwell, in the essay Politics and the English Language, throws light on the fact of the decline of modern English and asserts that there is a special connection between politics and the debasement of language. The familiar and clear way that he writes with simple and meaningful words is quite impressing. He lays great emphasis on the point that language as an instrument is created for expressing and not for concealing or preventing thoughts, which enlightens us language learners so much that we have to bear the fact in the mind that sincerity always works its way effectively in writing.
References:
[1] 黃源深. 英國散文選讀[C]. 北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社, 1996.
[2] Hazlitt, William. “On Familiar Style.” Table-Talk: Essays on Men and Manners Vol. 1 (1842) The Project Gutenberg of Ebook of Table-Talk. Release date: November 2, 2009 [Ebook ﹟3020]. Last updated: Feburary 4, 2013.
<http://www.gutenberg.org/files/3020/3020-h/3020-h.htm#link2H_4_0026>
[3] Orwell, George. My Country Right or Left. London: Secker & Warburg, 1968.
[4] Davison, P. A Kind of Compulsion. London: Secker & Warburg, 2000.
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