如何應(yīng)對(duì)NMET試題中的詞意猜測(cè)題-英語(yǔ)測(cè)試論文

摘要：詞意猜測(cè)題是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀中的考點(diǎn)之一，本文就如何做好這類(lèi)題提出了應(yīng)對(duì)的技巧。

關(guān)鍵詞：詞意猜測(cè)、高考閱讀、應(yīng)對(duì)技巧

詞意猜測(cè)題是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀中的考點(diǎn)之一，考查內(nèi)容多為名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞或詞組，既可能是生詞，也可能是熟詞。其考查形式一般說(shuō)來(lái)是在文與題中均畫(huà)線標(biāo)明，閱讀材料中的每個(gè)單詞與它前后的詞語(yǔ)或句子甚至段落有著相互制約的關(guān)系。

可利用以下技巧應(yīng)對(duì)此類(lèi)題：

1. 構(gòu)詞法

(1) 利用前綴和后綴（prefixes and suffixes）

前綴所構(gòu)成的詞詞意與原詞相反，而后綴所構(gòu)成的詞僅改變?cè)~性：

1) And a particular piece of equipment breaks up the non-recyclables. (NMET 2000) (不可再回收利用的東西)

2) Then the vapor may change into droplets. (drop滴/滴狀物+ let小的 = 小滴/微滴)

(2) 轉(zhuǎn)化(conversion)

詞形不變,但詞性卻可以由一種轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種。如：

1) I emptied everything into another box. 由“空的”轉(zhuǎn)意為“倒空”(empty adj. 轉(zhuǎn)化為vt.)

2) Yesterday I spent the whole day papering the walls. 用紙貼(paper n. 轉(zhuǎn)化為vt.)

(3) 合成(compound)

由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞。如: classmate, classroom, editor-in-chief, grandmother, handshake, motorcycle, newspaper,…etc.

1) When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.（麻醉劑）

2) This woolen material should be dry-cleaned if you wash it in hot water.（縮水） 

2. 根據(jù)常識(shí)、生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)推測(cè)生詞詞意

1) The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof.  (孩子們)

2) People who refuse to comply with the law will be punished. (遵從/服從)

3. 根據(jù)復(fù)合詞的各部分猜測(cè)詞意

1) Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.

(highlight 是由high高的/強(qiáng)的 + light光線 = 以強(qiáng)光照射)

2) Bullfight is very popular in <st1:country-region w:st="on">Spain</st1:country-region>. (bullfight是由bull 公牛+ fight 打/搏斗=斗牛)

4. 根據(jù)上下文相關(guān)的信息

主要根據(jù)給生詞下的定意，生詞前后語(yǔ)句的同意關(guān)系、反意關(guān)系, 因果關(guān)系, 所列舉的事例, 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等，通常有下列標(biāo)志:  

(1) 上下文對(duì)該詞的定意為線索猜測(cè)詞意

如: to be (是), mean (意指), refer to (指的是), “be defined as ”(被定意為), “be known as ”(被稱為), “be called ” (被稱為), “be termed ” (被定意為)等結(jié)構(gòu)為線索猜測(cè)詞意.

1) Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. (NMET 1993)（盜竊癖）

2) A person or thing beyond comparison, a model of excellence, is known as a paragon.（模范、優(yōu)秀的人或物）

(2) 因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞意

常見(jiàn)的表因果關(guān)系的詞有：because, since,  as,  so,  so...that, such...that,…etc. 這些信息詞出現(xiàn)在有生詞的句中，通過(guò)因果關(guān)系，依據(jù)已知部分，就能猜出生詞的詞意。

1) Mary didn’t notice me when I came into the classroom, she was completely engrossed in her reading. (engross 使全神貫注/吸引)

2) There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd. (so … that從句為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句“許多示威者”推知“擠/擠過(guò)”)

(3) 對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞意

常用來(lái)表示對(duì)比關(guān)系和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞有: but, yet, however, while, otherwise, in spite of, despite, even though, although, though, unlike, instead (of), rather than, nevertheless, on the other hand, still,  on the contrary, compared to,…etc.

1) If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”. (agree ← dissent 不同意/不贊成)

2) Mr. Green always is punctual for everything, but for some reason he was late for an important meeting last week. (根據(jù)but 后的 he was late 推知punctual “守時(shí)的/準(zhǔn)時(shí)的”)

(4) 詞語(yǔ)之間的對(duì)等關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞意

The hot tropical weather created a feeling of lassitude and encouraged laziness. (lassitude與laziness 相對(duì)可推測(cè)“困乏/無(wú)力/無(wú)精打采”)

(5) 通過(guò)上下文所舉的例子猜測(cè)詞意

Generally, we liked to read periodicals, such as Time Magazine, Reader’s Digest, etc. (從斜體字可推知“期刊”)

(6) 同位關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞意

We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed.（加速）

(7) 以定語(yǔ)從句為線索猜測(cè)詞意

He takes a special interest in botany which concerns the study of plants. (botany “植物學(xué)”)

5. 利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，如：括號(hào)、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)等往往為一些生詞直接提供定義或解釋去理解或猜測(cè)生詞詞意

1) This year some twenty-three hundred teenagers (young people aged from 13 to 19) from all over the world will spend about ten months in the <st1:country-region w:st="on">US</st1:country-region> homes.  (上海高考）

2) Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them-----a form of favoritism will replace equality. (2004年上海卷C篇)

6. 利用同意詞或近意詞，如： or, like (像……一樣), as...as (如同……一樣), the same as (與……相同) 等

A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. （NMET 2002 E篇)

What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?  

由上述可知，應(yīng)對(duì)高考中的詞意猜測(cè)題，只要在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中注意歸納總結(jié)，加強(qiáng)記憶，是完全可以獲得相應(yīng)的分?jǐn)?shù)的。